Present Time

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is a verb form to state the facts , habits , or events that occur at this time . The verb form is most commonly used in the English language .

Simple present tense is formed from the verb - 1 ( present tense ) or linking verb "be " (is, am , are ) . What is the verb - 1 ? Verb - 1 is a bare infinitive with the addition of -s or -es (eg verb - 1 : does , goes , wants) specific to the subject in the form of singular noun ( singular noun : Tita , book , car ) or the third person singular pronoun ( pronoun third person singular : she , he, it ) ; or without modification (eg verb - 1 : do , go , want ) to subject the form of plural noun ( boys, men , books) or plural pronouns ( we , they ) , pronouns I / you , or a compound subject ( you and me , Tina and Ruth ) .

Thus the formula for the simple present tense sentences positive, negative and interrogative as follows .

Sentence	Formula Simple Present Tense	Example of Simple Present Tense
positif (+)	S + V-1 S +/- auxiliary (do/does) + bare infinitive	She likes eating out
	S + be (am/is/are)	The children are naughty.
negatif (-)	S + auxiliary (do/does) + not + bare infinitive	She doesn’t like eating out
	S + be(am/is/are) + not	The children aren’t naughty
interogatif (?)	Do/Does + S + bare infinitive	Does she like eating out
	Be(am/is/are) + S	Are the children naughty

Function Example Sentences Simple Present Tense

Function	Example of Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense to express habitual actions ( habits ) which are often used adverb of frequency (always , Often , usually , every day / week , month , all the time , etc ) as time signals .	He always consumes low GI rice. (Dia selalu mengonsumsi beras rendah GI.)
	She sends much money to her parents in the village every month. (Dia mengirimkan banyak uang kepada orangtuanya di desa setiap bulan.)
Factual ( general truths / facts are indisputable )	The sun rises from the east and sets in the west. (Matahari terbit dari ufuk timur dan tenggelam di ufuk barat.)
	Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius. (Air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius.)
Simple present tense is used to make a simple statement of the applicable general (valid at any time ) and not of general ( using the verb be) .	I live in Jakarta. (Saya tinggal di Jakarta)
	She is so beautiful. (Dia sangat cantik.)
	He’s angry. (Dia marah.) [tidak general: terjadi sekarang]

 

Present Continuous tense

Forming the present continuous

Example Affirmative The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.
(The form of the present participle is: base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Affirmative
Subject		+ to be	+ base + ing
She		is	talking.
Negative
Subject	+ to be + not		+ base + ing
She	is not (isn't)		talking
Interrogative
to be	+ subject		+ base + ing
Is	She			talking?

Example Affirmative

He = Subject
Is = To Be
Begging & Praying = Base + Ing

Example Negative

He = Subject

+Is = Not (isn’t) To Be

+Begging & Prayung = Base + Ing

Example Interrogative
Is = To Be
+He = Subject
+Begging & Praying? = Base + Ing
 

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is a form of the verb used to express an action or situation that has started in the past and still continues today or have been completed at a given point in time in the past , but the effect is still on going.

Formula Present Perfect Tense 

Present perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb "have" or "has " and the past participle ( verb - 3 ) ​​. Have used for I, you , they , we , while has to he, she , it , and the third person singular . While past participle can be either regular or irregular verb

Sentence	Formula	Example Present Perfect Tense
positif (+)	S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past participle	She has called you three times
negatif (-)	S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past participle	She has not called you three times
interogatif (?)	aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past participle	Has She call you three times?

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense is a form of the verb used to express the action that has been completed 
at some point in the past or the action has been initiated in the past and continues today .
Action on the present perfect continuous tense usually lasts a certain time and no relevance to the present conditions .

Thus the present perfect continuous tense formula for a sentence positive, negative and interrogative are as follows .

Sentence	Formula	Example Present Perfect Continuous Tense
positif (+)	S + have/has + been + V1-ing/present participle	She has been driving
		The toddlers have been sleeping
negatif (-)	S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing/present participle	She has not been driving
		The toddlers haven’t been sleeping
interogatif (?)	have/has + S + been + V1-ing/present participle	Has she been driving
		Have the toddlers been sleeping

Example Sentences Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

Function	Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense to indicate the action  that has been completed at some point in the past followed  its relevance to current conditions (present )	The construction labors are thirsty since they have been removing the scaffoldings. (Pekerja konstruksi haus karena mereka telah memindahkan perancah.)
	Mandy feels full as she’s been eating a half of the tart. (Mandy kenyang karena dia telah  memakan separuh kue tart.)
	I have been working with my computer all day, and now I want some delicious foods. (Saya telah bekerja dengan komputer sepanjang hari, dan sekarang saya ingin beberapa makanan lezat.)
Present perfect continuous tense to indicate the action that has just finished . Typically using just adverb	It has just been snowing in Japan. (Baru saja turun salju di Jepang.)
Present perfect continuous tense to indicate the action that has been started in the past and continues today	I’ve been driving a car through the rain for an hour. (Saya telah sedang mengendarai mobil menembus hujan selama satu jam.)
	The passangers have been waiting for the next flight since this morning. (Para penumpang telah menunggu penerbangan berikutnya sejak pagi ini.)