Structure Sentences

Simple Sentence 

Simple sentence is the sentence type ( type of sentence ) of the most fundamental , which consists of only one independent clause. Type this phrase does not mean " simple" ( simple ) to be understood as a simple sentence itself refers to the pattern of the sentence is not the complexity of thought ( complexity of thought ) .

Another type of sentence , namely : compound , complex , and compound -complex sentence . By understanding the various types of sentences , will be very helpful in giving sentence variation on an article.

Examples of Simple Sentence:

• My sister read the magazine. (Saudara perempuanku membaca majalah.)
• The manager came late today. (Manager tersebut datang terlambat hari ini.)

Examples of Simple Sentence :

Example of Simple Sentence	Description
My sister read the magazine.	subject= my sister, verb= read, (direct) object= the magazine
The manager came late today.	subject= the manager, verb= came, adverb= late, today
He is diligent. (Dia rajin)	subject= he (pronoun), (linking) verb= is, adjective= diligent
I was doing physically exercises at this time yesterday. (Saya sedang melakukan latihan-latihan fisik sepanjang hari.)	subject= I, verb= was doing, (direct) object= physically exercises prepositional phrase= at this time yesterday

Simple sentence is usually a short sentence , but it may be longer . The sentence can be longer when the elements of the sentence ( subject , verb , object , etc ) are used as compound (compound ) . Among the elements of the compound ( subject compound , compound verb , etc ) are not separated by commas . In addition, the prepositional phrase can also serve to extend a simple sentence.

 

 

Compound Sentence 

A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":

• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

Examples of compound sentences include the following:

1.      Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.

2.      I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.

3.      Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

4.      Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.

Tips: If you rely heavily on compound sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of them into complex sentences (explained below).

Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can weaken writing.

Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use of complex sentences. 

 

Complex Sentence 

A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence. 

Examples of dependent clauses include the following:

• Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before afternoon
• While he waited at the train station
• After they left on the bus

Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.

Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:

• After
• Although
• As
• Because
• Before
• Even though
• If
• Since
• Though
• Unless
• Until
• When
• Whenever
• Whereas
• Wherever
• While

A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses.

The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the following:

Tip: When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to separate the two clauses.

1.        Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.

2.      While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.

3.      After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station.

Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause, as in the following:

Tip: When the independent clause comes first, a comma should not be used to separate the two clauses.

1.        I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon.

2.      Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.

3.      Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the bus.

Complex sentences are often more effective than compound sentences because a complex sentence indicates clearer and more specific relationships between the main parts of the sentence. The word "before," for instance, tells readers that one thing occurs before another. A word such as "although" conveys a more complex relationship than a word such as "and" conveys.

 

Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound – complex sentence is a sentence type (type of sentence) which is a combination of compound with complex sentence. Type this phrase have 3 or more clauses in it, which consists of a minimum of 2 independent clause and 1 dependent clause. Another type of sentence that is: Simple, Compound and Complex sentence. By understanding the various type of sentences, will be very helpful in giving sentence variation on a post.

Example :

While he was cleaning the kitchen, he found a lot of expered food, but he didn’t got rid of it immediately.

Where in above sentence is a combination of :

• Complex sentence : while he was cleaning the kitchen, he founda lot of expired food. (dependent, independent) 
• Compound Sentence : He found a lot of experied food, but he didn’t got rid of it immediately. (independent, independent)

So that the overall compund – complex sentence has two independent and one dependent clause.

Punctuation in Compound - Complex Sentence

Basically , compound -complex sentence punctuation follows the rules applicable to compound and complex sentence. In summary the rule is as follows

Kind	Rule
Compound Sentence	If using a coordinate conjunction ( for , and , nor , etc ), comma used immediately before such conjunctions. If using conjunctive adverb ( furthermore , however , when, etc ) , punctuation semicolon ( titik koma ) is used just before conjunctions and coma right after conjunctions. Semicolon can be used to connect two independent clauses were highly correlated.
Complex Sentence	At the adverbial clause , if it is at the beginning of the sentence , clause tip is given comma . On the adjective clause , if explain the subject ( in the middle of a sentence ) , may be enclosed in a coma or not depending on the importance or not the information it carries.

Example Compound-Complex Sentence:

 

description:

• DC= dependent clause
• IC= independent clause
• SC= subordinate Conjunction
• AC= adverbial conjunction
• RP= relative pronoun

No.	Contoh	description
1	While cleaning the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food, but he didn’t  got rid of it.	While cleaning the kitchen= DC (adverbial clause) he found a lot of expired food= IC but= SC he didn’t  got rid of it= IC
2	Andra found a lot of expired food, but he didn’t  got rid of it because he was too lazy to do it.	Andra found a lot of expired food= IC but= SC he didn’t got rid of it= IC because= AC he was too lazy to do it= IC
3	Yulia, who works out two times a week, has a positive body image; therefore, she always looks happy and healthy. (Yulia yang berlatih dua kali seminggu, mempunyai body image yang positif. Oleh karena itu, dia selalu tampak bahagia dan sehat.)	Yulia has a positive body image= IC who works out two times a week = DC (non-essential adjective clause) therefore= AC she always looks happy and healthy= IC
4	People who exercise regularly rarely get sick; they usually have a great immune system. (Orang-orang yang berolahraga secara teratur jarang jatuh sakit. Mereka biasanya mempunyai sistem imun yang baik.)	People get sick= IC who do exercise regularly= DC (essential adjective clause) they usually have a great imune system= IC